Когато един ден физиците-теоретици и философите на науката решат да дискутират това което може да се нарече фундаментален проблем на физиката, те ще установят че през 2000 Михаил Бушев вече е описал този проблем доста ясно:

http://old.inrne.bas.bg/wop/ARCHIVE/wop … %20WYP.htm
Михаил Бушев: "Електродинамиката противопоставя непрекъснатото поле и дискретните материални частици на динамиката и така става основа на вълновата теория на светлината, утвърдена от опита. ЕД е втора програма в теоретичната физика и при това конкурираща се, а не допълваща се с Д. Айнщайн пръв осъзнава областите на конфликти между фундаменталните теории, посочва ги и търси изход от тях. Особено категоричен е конфликтът на Д и ЕД в явленията на разпространение на светлината (например в опита на Микълсън - Морли). Електронната теория на Х. Лоренц (ЕТЛ) е опит да се обединят Д и ЕД чрез компромис между континуалността на електромагнитните полета и дискретността на електричните товари (Нютонови частици). Но и тази теория е затруднена от светлината: опитът на Микълсън - Морли не може да бъде обяснен без допълнителни (ad hoc) хипотези."

Само много глупав човек не би могъл да види трагичното но неизбежно решение на фундаменталния проблем на физиката след като съпостави текста на Михаил Бушев с няколко други текста:

http://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/archive … Norton.pdf
John Norton: "Einstein regarded the Michelson-Morley experiment as evidence for the principle of relativity, whereas later writers almost universally use it as support for the light postulate of special relativity......THE MICHELSON-MORLEY EXPERIMENT IS FULLY COMPATIBLE WITH AN EMISSION THEORY OF LIGHT THAT CONTRADICTS THE LIGHT POSTULATE."

http://books.google.com/books?id=JokgnS1JtmMC
"Relativity and Its Roots" By Banesh Hoffmann
p.92: "Moreover, if light consists of particles, as Einstein had suggested in his paper submitted just thirteen weeks before this one, the second principle seems absurd: A stone thrown from a speeding train can do far more damage than one thrown from a train at rest; the speed of the particle is not independent of the motion of the object emitting it. And if we take light to consist of particles and assume that these particles obey Newton's laws, they will conform to Newtonian relativity and thus automatically account for the null result of the Michelson-Morley experiment without recourse to contracting lengths, local time, or Lorentz transformations. Yet, as we have seen, Einstein resisted the temptation to account for the null result in terms of particles of light and simple, familiar Newtonian ideas, and introduced as his second postulate something that was more or less obvious when thought of in terms of waves in an ether."

http://www.perimeterinstitute.ca/index. … re_id=3576
John Stachel: "Einstein discussed the other side of the particle-field dualism - get rid of fields and just have particles."
Albert Einstein 1954: "I consider it entirely possible that physics cannot be based upon the field concept, that is on continuous structures. Then nothing will remain of my whole castle in the air, including the theory of gravitation, but also nothing of the rest of contemporary physics."
John Stachel's comment: "If I go down, everything goes down, ha ha, hm, ha ha ha."

http://www.ekkehard-friebe.de/wallace.htm
Bryan Wallace: "Einstein's special relativity theory with his second postulate that the speed of light in space is constant is the linchpin that holds the whole range of modern physics theories together. Shatter this postulate, and modern physics becomes an elaborate farce!....The speed of light is c+v."

Пенчо Вълев
pvalev@yahoo.com



обещавам да не използвам изрази като "само много глупав човек ... бла бла". Пенчо

Pentcho Valev wrote:

In 1850 Clausius deduced (the prototype of) the second law of thermodynamics in this way:

http://web.lemoyne.edu/~giunta/Clausius.html
"Ueber die bewegende Kraft der Warme" 1850 Rudolf Clausius: "Carnot assumed, as has already been mentioned, that the equivalent of the work done by heat is found in the mere transfer of heat from a hotter to a colder body, while the quantity of heat remains undiminished. The latter part of this assumption--namely, that the quantity of heat remains undiminished--contradicts our former principle, and must therefore be rejected... (...) It is this maximum of work which must be compared with the heat transferred. When this is done it appears that there is in fact ground for asserting, with Carnot, that it depends only on the quantity of the heat transferred and on the temperatures t and tau of the two bodies A and B, but not on the nature of the substance by means of which the work is done. (...) If we now suppose that there are two substances of which the one can produce more work than the other by the transfer of a given amount of heat, or, what comes to the same thing, needs to transfer less heat from A to B to produce a given quantity of work, we may use these two substances alternately by producing work with one of them in the above process. At the end of the operations both bodies are in their original condition; further, the work produced will have exactly counterbalanced the work done, and therefore, by our former principle, the quantity of heat can have neither increased nor diminished. The only change will occur in the distribution of the heat, since more heat will be transferred from B to A than from A to B, and so on the whole heat will be transferred from B to A. By repeating these two processes alternately it would be possible, without any expenditure of force or any other change, to transfer as much heat as we please from a cold to a hot body, and this is not in accord with the other relations of heat, since it always shows a tendency to equalize temperature differences and therefore to pass from hotter to colder bodies."

I have always been claiming that Clausius' premises are true but the argument is INVALID. Here are the premises:

1. (TRUE) In the absence of irreversible changes in the surroundings influencing the process, heat always flows from hot to cold.

2. (TRUE) Perpetuum mobile of the first kind is impossible.

In fact, there is a third FALSE premise used by Clausius which, if explicitly added to the set of premises, makes the argument VALID:

3. (FALSE) The process Clausius considers occurs in the absence of irreversible changes in the surroundings influencing it.

In physical sciences, invalidity of arguments can be interpreted in terms of falsehood of premises.

http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/articles/ … udolf.html
"By the 1850s a major problem had arisen in heat theory: RESULTS WERE ACCEPTED, BUT while he [Clausius] believed correctly that, when a heat engine produces work, a quantity of heat ‘descends’ from a higher to a lower temperature, he also believed that it passed through the engine intact. The First Law of Thermodynamics, largely due to , visualizes some heat as being lost in a heat engine and converted into work. This apparent conflict was solved by Clausius, who showed in 1850 that these results could both be understood if it is also assumed that 'heat does not spontaneously pass from a colder to a hotter body' (the Second Law of Thermodynamics)."

Clausius replaced Carnot's false premise to the effect that heat "passed through the engine intact" with a true one: "heat does not spontaneously pass from a colder to a hotter body", and obtained Carnot's original precious result that was to convert him and Kelvin into bright deities that only Divine Albert was to overshadow to some extent.

For many years I have been trying to show that the combination "false premise, true precious result" is impossible when the prior probability of the result is zero. I still think so but now I see that any effort at rectification is pointless. No one to understand, no one to care. The backward transition from Postscientism to Science will not take place.

Пенчо Вълев
pvalev@yahoo.com

Имаме вълни (светлинни, морски) и наблюдател (напр. стоящ до глезените във вода на брега на морето) до когото те достигат. В един момент наблюдателят тръгва срещу вълните и установява че сега гребените го удрят по-често, т.е. честотата се е увеличила. Първата му мисъл е че и скоростта на вълните спрямо него също се е увеличила и това дори му се струва очевидно но малко след това същото това очевидно нещо го изпълва с такъв ужас че има опасност да изгуби съзнание и да се удави. Работата е там че нашият наблюдател е съвестен член на Айнщайниана а "очевидното нещо", съдържащо идеята за скорост променлива спрямо наблюдателя, е ни повече ни по-малко смърт за великата теория. Затова наблюдателят се вглежда отново във вълните и картината става съвсем различна: скоростта на вълните спрямо него ще да е останала непроменена, няма как иначе, а увеличената честота ще да се дължи на скъсеното разстояние между гребените, т.е. дължината на вълната се е променила заедно с честотата, не скоростта. "Сакън, това за променливата скорост не си го помисляй повече!" - си казва нашият наблюдател и запява известния химн "Divine Einstein" съчинен от университетски преподаватели.

Тези обаче които не са ревностни привърженици на Айнщайниана е добре да продължат да разсъждават защото този мислен експеримент дава възможност за лесна проверка на теорията на Айнщайн. Няма да ти публикуват извода но пък нещата ще са ти ясни а това не е малко. Ето още food for thought:

http://www.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/teaching/ … index.html
John Norton: "Here's a light wave and an observer. If the observer were to hurry towards the source of the light, the observer would now pass wavecrests more frequently than the resting observer. That would mean that moving observer would find the frequency of the light to have increased (AND CORRESPONDINGLY FOR THE WAVELENGTH - THE DISTANCE BETWEEN CRESTS - TO HAVE DECREASED)."

http://sampit.geol.sc.edu/Doppler.html
"Moving observer: A man is standing on the beach, watching the tide. The waves are washing into the shore and over his feet with a constant frequency and wavelength. However, if he begins walking out into the ocean, the waves will begin hitting him more frequently, leading him to perceive that the wavelength of the waves has decreased. Again, this phenomenon is due to the fact that the source and the observer are not the in the same frame of reference."

Both authors suffer the same madness. In the end they subconsciously reject the obvious truth - that the moving observer finds the speed of the wave to have increased - and save Divine Albert's Divine Theory by advancing a blatant lie to the effect that the moving observer finds the wavelength to have decreased. George Orwell calls this "doublethink":

http://www.liferesearchuniversal.com/19 … #seventeen
George Orwell: "Doublethink means the power of holding two contradictory beliefs in one's mind simultaneously, and accepting both of them. The Party intellectual knows in which direction his memories must be altered; he therefore knows that he is playing tricks with reality; but by the exercise of doublethink he also satisfies himself that reality is not violated. The process has to be conscious, or it would not be carried out with sufficient precision, but it also has to be unconscious, or it would bring with it a feeling of falsity and hence of guilt. Doublethink lies at the very heart of Ingsoc, since the essential act of the Party is to use conscious deception while retaining the firmness of purpose that goes with complete honesty. To tell deliberate lies while genuinely believing in them, to forget any fact that has become inconvenient, and then, when it becomes necessary again, to draw it back from oblivion for just so long as it is needed, to deny the existence of objective reality and all the while to take account of the reality which one denies - all this is indispensably necessary. Even in using the word doublethink it is necessary to exercise doublethink. For by using the word one admits that one is tampering with reality; by a fresh act of doublethink one erases this knowledge ; and so on indefinitely, with the lie always one leap ahead of the truth."

http://www.liferesearchuniversal.com/19 … #seventeen
George Orwell: "It need hardly be said that the subtlest practitioners of doublethink are those who invented doublethink and know that it is a vast system of mental cheating. In our society, those who have the best knowledge of what is happening are also those who are furthest from seeing the world as it is. In general, the greater the understanding, the greater the delusion ; the more intelligent, the less sane."

Пенчо Вълев
pvalev@yahoo.com

fphgrb01 wrote:

Пенчо, искам да те попитам следния въпрос:

Грешен ли е, само и единствено в твоя смисъл на думата "грешен" петия постулат на Евклидовата геометрия?

Мисля че, може би несъзнателно, въвеждаш red herring затова нека се противопоставя като се огранича до разглеждането на следния пример: Хвърляме камък от движещ се влак по посока на движението и изказваме две твърдения:

(1) Скоростта на камъка (спрямо релсите) е сума от скоростта на влака и скоростта на камъка хвърлен от неподвижен (спрямо релсите) влак.

(2) Скоростта на камъка (спрямо релсите) не зависи от скоростта на влака.

Ясно е че едното твърдение е вярно а другото грешно и "вярно" и "грешно" в случая имат смисъл за всеки разумен човек (само някаква много пресилена спекулация би могла да постави под съмнение този смисъл). На мен ми се иска на първо време "вярно" и "грешно" да бъдат интерпретирани в тези тесни рамки, просто защото проблемът с втория постулат на Айнщайн от 1905 е аналогичен на проблема с камъка и влака. Наистина нямаме нужда от каквато и да било аналогия с постулатите на Евклидовата геометрия, или поне така ми се струва засега.

Пенчо Вълев
pvalev@yahoo.com

fphgrb01 wrote:

това последнотоо технически май не е вярно

Възможно е. Все пак тишината в която са потънали Матей Матеев, Сергей Герджиков, Константин Янакиев, Ангел Стефанов и т.н. е необяснима ако има макар и малка вероятност (1) вторият постулат на Айнщайн от 1905 да е грешен и (2) това да е отвело теоретичната физика в глуха улица от която няма измъкване. От многото намеци които световните величия правят в последно време, както и от намеците на самия Айнщайн, може да се заключи че въпросната вероятност не е малка а по-скоро голяма.

Пенчо Вълев
pvalev@yahoo.com

Бъдещето на българската физика (щом при големия брат става така няма как да не стане и при нас):

http://www.guardian.co.uk/global/2009/d … udentships
"Britain's physics community is reeling from a "disastrous" day of funding cuts that will force scientists to withdraw from major resarch facilities and see PhD studentships fall by a quarter."

Пенчо Вълев
pvalev@yahoo.com
тел. 958 36 72

Pentcho Valev wrote:

http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/conten … a909857880
"The gatekeepers of professional physics in the universities and research institutes are disinclined to support or employ anyone who raises problems over the elementary inconsistencies of relativity. A winnowing out process has made it very difficult for critics of Einstein to achieve or maintain professional status. Relativists are then able to use the argument of authority to discredit these critics. Were relativists to admit that Einstein may have made a series of elementary logical errors, they would be faced with the embarrassing question of why this had not been noticed earlier. Under these circumstances the marginalisation of antirelativists, unjustified on scientific grounds, is eminently justifiable on grounds of realpolitik. Supporters of relativity theory have protected both the theory and their own reputations by shutting their opponents out of professional discourse."

Горното описание на ситуацията в теоретичната физика е малко остаряло. Някогашните авторитетни жреци на Айнщайниана вече са жреци някъде другаде - всички са напуснали потъващия кораб - потърсете в интернет и ще се убедите че нито един от тях не е възхвалявал публично Айнщайн в последните 1-2 години. Механизмът обаче за автоматично отстраняване и маргинализиране на критиците на Айнщайниана, тези които рекламират старата Нютонова физика, си стои непокътнат, просто защото светът на науката се е променил необратимо. Представете си музикант имащ силното желание да накара хората да харесват тази музика:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lqgHCksUQok (Част 1)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a1OS0bSsI_k (Част 2)
(Anne-Sophie Mutter plays Giuseppe Tartini "The Devil's Trill")

Точно както се случва с критиците в света на Айнщайниана, този музикант автоматично ще бъде отстранен и маргинализиран в света на рап и чалга музиката.

http://spectator.org/archives/2009/12/0 … e-elephant
"Regarding higher education, a third of Britain's university physics departments have closed in the last few years."

В нашите физични факултети чакат да им се размине? Философите на науката какво чакат? Все си мисля че точно сега България и българското образование могат много да спечелят ако предприемат шумна кампания за спасяване на физичните науки, смяна на парадигмата и т.н. Току виж сме изпреварили Англия поне по този показател. Като се съпостави наш университет в който проблемите на науката се дискутират на висок глас с някой английски където са минали на принципа "няма department няма проблем", и България ще спечели.

http://phystec-lamp.cit.cornell.edu/phystec/node/16
"THE CRISIS IN PHYSICS EDUCATION. The US economy is in a time of major transition, as we move from an agriculture and manufacturing based economy to one more firmly based on knowledge and continuous innovation.  The jobs of the future will require greater ability to invent, improve and adapt, and to see beyond present problems to futurre opportunities.  This requires a scientifically educated and trained populace. At this critical juncture, the US faces a current and future shortage of science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) professionals. This shortage is due in no small part to a critical shortage of qualified high school physics teachers. High school physics is a prerequisite for nearly all STEM careers.  The shortage of physics teachers is leaving too many US students unprepared for college study in STEM disciplines. America lags far behind most of our global competitors in physics training. Read on to learn about the severity and nature of this crisis in high school physics education. The US has a critical shortage of high school physics and middle school physical science teachers. OF ALL SCHOOL SUBJECTS, PHYSICS HAS THE MOST SEVERE TEACHER SHORTAGE, followed by math and chemistry.  There are large surpluses of biology and earth science teachers."

Дали пък България не е един от онези "global competitors in physics training" зад които Америка така много е изостанала?

Ще публикувам това като отворено писмо във форума Проектория:

http://projectoria.org/forum/forum/15/f … a-naukata/

Pentcho Valev wrote:

http://www.vobg.net/article.php?id=33052
"Оставам поразен, когато носителят на Лакатошова награда за миналата година (едно от най-престижните отличия за книга в областта на философия на науката) Харви Браун смирено приема корекции от няколко свои студенти-магистри. Диалогът между професор и студенти в Оксфорд се води изключително на плоскостта на науката и на моменти човек не може да различи кой е професор и кой студент. Целта на Харви (както се обръщат студентите към него) е само една - той иска студентите да стигнат колкото се може по-близо до научната истина. В България често е обратното - на критиката се гледа като на лична нападка, а научната титла обикновено "гарантира" правилността на изказаната позиция. Няма да забравя случая, когато на конференция преди година мой бивш преподавател от СУ, след като изслуша въпроса ми, каза: "Ако искате да получите отговор, проверете приемните ми часове или ми изпратете имейл". Подобно отношение би било абсурдно в Оксфордската академична общност, където всеки има свещеното право на отговор и където въпросите се приемат като знак на уважение и интерес към работата на лектора, а не като извор на досада или като личностна атака. За трите месеца в Оксфорд установявам, че действителното академично уважение не се гради върху титли. Гради се изключително върху това, колко по-близо е стигнал един учен до разгадаването на тайните на своята дисциплина."

Борисе, защо не използваш тази благоприятна академична атмосфера и не попиташ Харви Браун дали неговата неортодоксална интерпретация на length contraction предполага отсъствие на реципрочност, в съответствие с представите на FitzGerald и Poincare: наблюдател неподвижен спрямо етера вижда движещите се предмети скъсени но движещ се наблюдател вижда преметите неподвижни спрямо етера УДЪЛЖЕНИ. Има много намеци в статиите на Харви Браун в посока отсъствие на реципрочност но е добре да имаме директен отговор.

Ето една такава статия:

http://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/archive … helson.pdf
Michelson, FitzGerald and Lorentz: the origins of relativity revisited
Harvey R Brown
February 10, 2003
Abstract
It is argued that an unheralded moment marking the beginnings of relativity theory occurred in 1889, when G. F. FitzGerald, no doubt with the puzzling 1887 Michelson-Morley experiment fresh in mind, wrote to Heaviside about the possible effects of motion on inter-molecular forces in bodies. Emphasis is placed on the difference between FitzGerald’s and Lorentz’s independent justification of the shape distortion effect involved. Finally, the importance of the their ‘constructive’ approach to kinematics—stripped of any commitment to the physicality of the ether - will be defended, in the spirit of Pauli, Swann and Bell.

Пенчо Вълев
pvalev@yahoo.com

http://www.vobg.net/article.php?id=33052
"Оставам поразен, когато носителят на Лакатошова награда за миналата година (едно от най-престижните отличия за книга в областта на философия на науката) Харви Браун смирено приема корекции от няколко свои студенти-магистри. Диалогът между професор и студенти в Оксфорд се води изключително на плоскостта на науката и на моменти човек не може да различи кой е професор и кой студент. Целта на Харви (както се обръщат студентите към него) е само една - той иска студентите да стигнат колкото се може по-близо до научната истина. В България често е обратното - на критиката се гледа като на лична нападка, а научната титла обикновено "гарантира" правилността на изказаната позиция. Няма да забравя случая, когато на конференция преди година мой бивш преподавател от СУ, след като изслуша въпроса ми, каза: "Ако искате да получите отговор, проверете приемните ми часове или ми изпратете имейл". Подобно отношение би било абсурдно в Оксфордската академична общност, където всеки има свещеното право на отговор и където въпросите се приемат като знак на уважение и интерес към работата на лектора, а не като извор на досада или като личностна атака. За трите месеца в Оксфорд установявам, че действителното академично уважение не се гради върху титли. Гради се изключително върху това, колко по-близо е стигнал един учен до разгадаването на тайните на своята дисциплина."

Борисе, защо не използваш тази благоприятна академична атмосфера и не попиташ Харви Браун дали неговата неортодоксална интерпретация на length contraction предполага отсъствие на реципрочност, в съответствие с представите на FitzGerald и Poincare: наблюдател неподвижен спрямо етера вижда движещите се предмети скъсени но движещ се наблюдател вижда преметите неподвижни спрямо етера УДЪЛЖЕНИ. Има много намеци в статиите на Харви Браун в посока отсъствие на реципрочност но е добре да имаме директен отговор.

Пенчо Вълев
pvalev@yahoo.com

Pentcho Valev wrote:

There will be a new breathtaking revolution in Einsteinana on 17 décembre 2009:

https://listes.services.cnrs.fr/wws/arc … 00033.html
Projet "Fondements de la physique en région parisienne"
Semaine de philosophie de la physique, 14-18 décembre 2009
17 décembre 2009, 17h, ENS, salle des Actes
Harvey Brown (Oxford University) "Why do rods contract in motion?"
"Einstein's special theory of relativity predicts, correctly, that rigid bodies contract when in motion, (though Einstein was not the first to predict it). But what is the explanation of this phenomenon? Einstein increasingly disliked his original explanation, based on the relativity principle and the light postulate. What should take its place?"

So how will Harvey Brown explain the miraculous length contraction without deducing it from Einstein's 1905 false light postulate? I am so curious! Will the new length contraction be reciprocal again or will Brown return to FitzGerald and Poincaré's concept according to which it is not reciprocal:

Banesh Hoffmann, "La relativité, histoire d'une grande idée", Pour la Science, 1999, p. 129: "FitzGerald and Poincaré pensaient que le phénomène de contraction des longueurs résultait du mouvement des objets à travers l'éther. Bien qu'ils ne l'aient jamais dit ouvertement, ils supposaient certainement qu'un observateur immobile dans l'éther observerait une contraction des longueurs d'un objet en mouvement, tandis qu'un observateur en mouvement observerait au contraire une dilatation des longueurs des objets au repos dans l'éther."

Note that if the speed of light does not depend on the speed of the light source, that is, if Einstein's 1905 light postulate is true, then a long train can be trapped inside a short tunnel, a 80m long pole can be trapped inside a 40m long barn and a bug can be both dead and alive. Harvey Brown will have to tell the world if all those idiocies remain consistent with the new length contraction:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VSRIyDfo … amp;search

http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/physics/R … _pole.html
"These are the props. You own a barn, 40m long, with automatic doors at either end, that can be opened and closed simultaneously by a switch. You also have a pole, 80m long, which of course won't fit in the barn. Now someone takes the pole and tries to run (at nearly the speed of light) through the barn with the pole horizontal. Special Relativity (SR) says that a moving object is contracted in the direction of motion: this is called the Lorentz Contraction. So, if the pole is set in motion lengthwise, then it will contract in the reference frame of a stationary observer.....So, as the pole passes through the barn, there is an instant when it is completely within the barn. At that instant, you close both doors simultaneously, with your switch. Of course, you open them again pretty quickly, but at least momentarily you had the contracted pole shut up in your barn. The runner emerges from the far door unscathed.....If the doors are kept shut the rod will obviously smash into the barn door at one end. If the door withstands this the leading end of the rod will come to rest in the frame of reference of the stationary observer. There can be no such thing as a rigid rod in relativity so the trailing end will not stop immediately and the rod will be compressed beyond the amount it was Lorentz contracted. If it does not explode under the strain and it is sufficiently elastic it will come to rest and start to spring back to its natural shape but since it is too big for the barn the other end is now going to crash into the back door and the rod will be trapped in a compressed state inside the barn."

http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/Hb … rivet.html
"The bug-rivet paradox is a variation on the twin paradox and is similar to the pole-barn paradox.....The end of the rivet hits the bottom of the hole before the head of the rivet hits the wall. So it looks like the bug is squashed.....All this is nonsense from the bug's point of view. The rivet head hits the wall when the rivet end is just 0.35 cm down in the hole! The rivet doesn't get close to the bug....The paradox is not resolved."

Пенчо Вълев
pvalev@yahoo.com

Като цяло българите чакат някой голям брат да им каже какво да правят и ако ще детронират Айнщайн то сигналът трябва да дойде от запад. Предполагам обаче че има и такива които чакат сигнал от изток и те може да се вдъхновят като прочетат това:

http://www.wbabin.net/science/semikov.pdf
БАЛЛИСТИЧЕСКАЯ ТЕОРИЯ РИТЦА И КАРТИНА МИРОЗДАНИЯ

Официалното детрониране на Айнщайн обаче има и алтернатива: просто след примерно една година се оказва че в курсовете на Матей Матеев, Сергей Герджиков, Константин Янакиев, Ангел Стефанов и т.н. името "Айнщайн" не фигурира и запитани те дори не си спомнят коя ще да е тази персона (във Франция се получи нещо подобно). Лошото е че тази алтернатива, макар да решава нелошо персоналните проблеми на Матей Матеев, Сергей Герджиков, Константин Янакиев, Ангел Стефанов и т.н., по никакъв начин не облекчава агонията на науката в България.

Пенчо Вълев
pvalev@yahoo.com

If past scientific theories are found to be false, all theories - past, current and future - are false ("pessimistic induction"). This inductive argument separately introduced by Putnam and Laudan is popular among philosophers of science but it is incompatible with deductivism. Consider Einstein's 1905 light postulate:

http://www.fourmilab.ch/etexts/einstein/specrel/www/ "...light is always propagated in empty space with a definite velocity c which is independent of the state of motion of the emitting body."

By a theory I shall mean the deductive closure of the postulate, that is, the set of all its consequences deduced validly and in the absence of false or absurd auxiliary hypotheses. If the light postulate is true, then all its consequences are true, and IN THIS SENSE the theory is absolutely true.

If Einstein's 1905 light postulate is false, then its antithesis, the equation c'=c+v given by Newton's emission theory of light, is true. This can easily be seen on close inspection of the Michelson-Morley experiment:

http://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/archive … Norton.pdf
John Norton: "Einstein regarded the Michelson-Morley experiment as evidence for the principle of relativity, whereas later writers almost universally use it as support for the light postulate of special relativity......THE MICHELSON-MORLEY EXPERIMENT IS FULLY COMPATIBLE WITH AN EMISSION THEORY OF LIGHT THAT CONTRADICTS THE LIGHT POSTULATE."

http://books.google.com/books?id=JokgnS1JtmMC
"Relativity and Its Roots" By Banesh Hoffmann
p.92: "Moreover, if light consists of particles, as Einstein had suggested in his paper submitted just thirteen weeks before this one, the second principle seems absurd: A stone thrown from a speeding train can do far more damage than one thrown from a train at rest; the speed of the particle is not independent of the motion of the object emitting it. And if we take light to consist of particles and assume that these particles obey Newton's laws, they will conform to Newtonian relativity and thus automatically account for the null result of the Michelson-Morley experiment without recourse to contracting lengths, local time, or Lorentz transformations. Yet, as we have seen, Einstein resisted the temptation to account for the null result in terms of particles of light and simple, familiar Newtonian ideas, and introduced as his second postulate something that was more or less obvious when thought of in terms of waves in an ether."

Therefore the respective theory (the set of all consequences of the antithesis, c'=c+v, deduced validly and in the absence of false or absurd auxiliary hypotheses) is absolutely true in the sense that all its conclusions are true.

Clearly if "theory" is properly defined the pessimistic induction is unjustified. The transition from Newtonian to relativistic mechanics was either a transition from absolutely false to absolutely true or a transition from absolutely true to absolutely false.

Пенчо Вълев
pvalev@yahoo.com

http://spectator.org/archives/2009/12/0 … e-elephant
"Regarding higher education, a third of Britain's university physics departments have closed in the last few years."

The following principle is attributed to Joseph Stalin:

Joseph Stalin: "Death is the solution to all problems. No man - no problem."

Science authorities' principle: "Department closure is the solution to all problems. No department - no problem."

The analogy between Joseph Stalin and science authorities will be completely understood after careful examination of this paper:

http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/conten … a909857880
Peter Hayes "The Ideology of Relativity: The Case of the Clock Paradox" : Social Epistemology, Volume 23, Issue 1 January 2009, pages 57-78
"The gatekeepers of professional physics in the universities and research institutes are disinclined to support or employ anyone who raises problems over the elementary inconsistencies of relativity. A winnowing out process has made it very difficult for critics of Einstein to achieve or maintain professional status. Relativists are then able to use the argument of authority to discredit these critics. Were relativists to admit that Einstein may have made a series of elementary logical errors, they would be faced with the embarrassing question of why this had not been noticed earlier. Under these circumstances the marginalisation of antirelativists, unjustified on scientific grounds, is eminently justifiable on grounds of realpolitik. Supporters of relativity theory have protected both the theory and their own reputations by shutting their opponents out of professional discourse."

Пенчо Вълев
pvalev@yahoo.com

There will be a new breathtaking revolution in Einsteinana on 17 décembre 2009:

https://listes.services.cnrs.fr/wws/arc … 00033.html
Projet "Fondements de la physique en région parisienne"
Semaine de philosophie de la physique, 14-18 décembre 2009
17 décembre 2009, 17h, ENS, salle des Actes
Harvey Brown (Oxford University) "Why do rods contract in motion?"
"Einstein's special theory of relativity predicts, correctly, that rigid bodies contract when in motion, (though Einstein was not the first to predict it). But what is the explanation of this phenomenon? Einstein increasingly disliked his original explanation, based on the relativity principle and the light postulate. What should take its place?"

So how will Harvey Brown explain the miraculous length contraction without deducing it from Einstein's 1905 false light postulate? I am so curious! Will the new length contraction be reciprocal again or will Brown return to FitzGerald and Poincaré's concept according to which it is not reciprocal:

Banesh Hoffmann, "La relativité, histoire d'une grande idée", Pour la Science, 1999, p. 129: "FitzGerald and Poincaré pensaient que le phénomène de contraction des longueurs résultait du mouvement des objets à travers l'éther. Bien qu'ils ne l'aient jamais dit ouvertement, ils supposaient certainement qu'un observateur immobile dans l'éther observerait une contraction des longueurs d'un objet en mouvement, tandis qu'un observateur en mouvement observerait au contraire une dilatation des longueurs des objets au repos dans l'éther."

Note that if the speed of light does not depend on the speed of the light source, that is, if Einstein's 1905 light postulate is true, then a long train can be trapped inside a short tunnel, a 80m long pole can be trapped inside a 40m long barn and a bug can be both dead and alive. Harvey Brown will have to tell the world if all those idiocies remain consistent with the new length contraction:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VSRIyDfo … amp;search

http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/physics/R … _pole.html
"These are the props. You own a barn, 40m long, with automatic doors at either end, that can be opened and closed simultaneously by a switch. You also have a pole, 80m long, which of course won't fit in the barn. Now someone takes the pole and tries to run (at nearly the speed of light) through the barn with the pole horizontal. Special Relativity (SR) says that a moving object is contracted in the direction of motion: this is called the Lorentz Contraction. So, if the pole is set in motion lengthwise, then it will contract in the reference frame of a stationary observer.....So, as the pole passes through the barn, there is an instant when it is completely within the barn. At that instant, you close both doors simultaneously, with your switch. Of course, you open them again pretty quickly, but at least momentarily you had the contracted pole shut up in your barn. The runner emerges from the far door unscathed.....If the doors are kept shut the rod will obviously smash into the barn door at one end. If the door withstands this the leading end of the rod will come to rest in the frame of reference of the stationary observer. There can be no such thing as a rigid rod in relativity so the trailing end will not stop immediately and the rod will be compressed beyond the amount it was Lorentz contracted. If it does not explode under the strain and it is sufficiently elastic it will come to rest and start to spring back to its natural shape but since it is too big for the barn the other end is now going to crash into the back door and the rod will be trapped in a compressed state inside the barn."

http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/Hb … rivet.html
"The bug-rivet paradox is a variation on the twin paradox and is similar to the pole-barn paradox.....The end of the rivet hits the bottom of the hole before the head of the rivet hits the wall. So it looks like the bug is squashed.....All this is nonsense from the bug's point of view. The rivet head hits the wall when the rivet end is just 0.35 cm down in the hole! The rivet doesn't get close to the bug....The paradox is not resolved."

Пенчо Вълев
pvalev@yahoo.com

A couple of weeks ago I posted on PHILOS-L, a philosophy list with 4,853 subscribers, the following quotation:

http://listserv.liv.ac.uk/cgi-bin/wa?A2 … mp;P=50126
Peter Hayes "The Ideology of Relativity: The Case of the Clock Paradox" : Social Epistemology, Volume 23, Issue 1 January 2009, pages 57-78.
"The triumph of relativity theory represents the triumph of ideology not only in the profession of physics but also in the philosophy of science."

Philosophers of science remained silent. For the sake of argument, let us assume that they possess dignity which prevents them from discussing Peter Hayes quoted by Pentcho Valev. The assumption is wrong. In 2001 Jos Uffink, an influential philosopher of science, published a text equivalent to "The triumph of thermodynamics represents the triumph of ideology not only in the profession of physics but also in the philosophy of science":

http://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/archive/00000313/
Jos Uffink: "This summary leads to the question whether it is fruitful to see irreversibility or time-asymmetry as the essence of the second law. Is it not more straightforward, in view of the unargued statements of Kelvin, the bold claims of Clausius and the strained attempts of Planck, to give up this idea? I believe that Ehrenfest-Afanassjewa was right in her verdict that the discussion about the arrow of time as expressed in the second law of the thermodynamics is actually a RED HERRING."

For eight years no philosopher of science has discussed or even referred to this text. Uffink himself seems to have forgotten it completely. Another influential philosopher of science, John Norton, published texts which, combined with a few other texts, suggest that Einstein's 1905 false light postulate has in fact killed theoretical physics. Other philosophers of science remained silent:

http://www.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/papers/companion.doc
John Norton: "Einstein could not see how to formulate a fully relativistic electrodynamics merely using his new device of field transformations. So he considered the possibility of modifying Maxwell's electrodynamics in order to bring it into accord with an emission theory of light, such as Newton had originally conceived. There was some inevitability in these attempts, as long as he held to classical (Galilean) kinematics. Imagine that some emitter sends out a light beam at c. According to this kinematics, an observer who moves past at v in the opposite direction, will see the emitter moving at v and the light emitted at c+v. This last fact is the defining characteristic of an emission theory of light: the velocity of the emitter is added vectorially to the velocity of light emitted....If an emission theory can be formulated as a field theory, it would seem to be unable to determine the future course of processes from their state in the present. AS LONG AS EINSTEIN EXPECTED A VIABLE THEORY LIGHT, ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM TO BE A FIELD THEORY, these sorts of objections would render an EMISSION THEORY OF LIGHT INADMISSIBLE."

http://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/archive … Norton.pdf
John Norton: "Einstein regarded the Michelson-Morley experiment as evidence for the principle of relativity, whereas later writers almost universally use it as support for the light postulate of special relativity......THE MICHELSON-MORLEY EXPERIMENT IS FULLY COMPATIBLE WITH AN EMISSION THEORY OF LIGHT THAT CONTRADICTS THE LIGHT POSTULATE."

http://books.google.com/books?id=JokgnS1JtmMC
"Relativity and Its Roots" By Banesh Hoffmann
p.92: "Moreover, if light consists of particles, as Einstein had suggested in his paper submitted just thirteen weeks before this one, the second principle seems absurd: A stone thrown from a speeding train can do far more damage than one thrown from a train at rest; the speed of the particle is not independent of the motion of the object emitting it. And if we take light to consist of particles and assume that these particles obey Newton's laws, they will conform to Newtonian relativity and thus automatically account for the null result of the Michelson-Morley experiment without recourse to contracting lengths, local time, or Lorentz transformations. Yet, as we have seen, Einstein resisted the temptation to account for the null result in terms of particles of light and simple, familiar Newtonian ideas, and introduced as his second postulate something that was more or less obvious when thought of in terms of waves in an ether."

http://www.academie-sciences.fr/membres … _eloge.pdf
Louis de Broglie: "Tout d'abord toute idée de "grain" se trouvait expulsée de la théorie de la Lumière : celle-ci prenait la forme d'une "théorie du champ" où le rayonnement était représenté par une répartition continue dans l'espace de grandeurs évoluant continûment au cours du temps sans qu'il fût possible de distinguer, dans les domaines spatiaux au sein desquels évoluait le champ lumineux, de très petites régions singulières où le champ serait très fortement concentré et qui fournirait une image du type corpusculaire. Ce caractère à la fois continu et ondulatoire de la lumière se trouvait prendre une forme très précise dans la théorie de Maxwell où le champ lumineux venait se confondre avec un certain type de champ électromagnétique."

http://www.perimeterinstitute.ca/index. … re_id=3576
John Stachel: "Einstein discussed the other side of the particle-field dualism - get rid of fields and just have particles."
Albert Einstein 1954: "I consider it entirely possible that physics cannot be based upon the field concept, that is on continuous structures. Then nothing will remain of my whole castle in the air, including the theory of gravitation, but also nothing of the rest of contemporary physics."
John Stachel's comment: "If I go down, everything goes down, ha ha, hm, ha ha ha."

http://www.ekkehard-friebe.de/wallace.htm
Bryan Wallace: "Einstein's special relativity theory with his second postulate that the speed of light in space is constant is the linchpin that holds the whole range of modern physics theories together. Shatter this postulate, and modern physics becomes an elaborate farce!....The speed of light is c+v."

Recently John Norton suggested that the conclusion that the separation between past, present and future is an illusion, a conclusion directly following from Einstein's 1905 false light postulate, should be abandoned. Other philosophers of science remained silent:

http://www.salem-news.com/articles/june … -22-09.php
"For those of us who believe in physics, this separation between past, present and future is only an illusion, however tenacious" - Albert Einstein

http://www.geekitude.com/gl/public_html … 2141509987
Brian Greene: "I certainly got very used to the idea of relativity, and therefore I can go into that frame of mind without it seeming like an effort. But I feel and think about the world as being organized into past, present and future. I feel that the only moment in time that's really real is this moment right now. And I feel [that what happened a few moments ago] is gone, and the future is yet to be. It still feels right to me. But I know in my mind intellectually that's wrong. Relativity establishes that that picture of the universe is wrong, and if I work hard, I can force myself to recognize the fallacy in my view or thinking; but intuitively it's still what I feel. So it's a daily struggle to keep in mind how the world works, and juxtapose that with experience that [I get] a thousand, even million times a day from ordinary comings and goings."

http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg2 … -tick.html
"General relativity knits together space, time and gravity. Confounding all common sense, how time passes in Einstein's universe depends on what you are doing and where you are. Clocks run faster when the pull of gravity is weaker, so if you live up a skyscraper you age ever so slightly faster than you would if you lived on the ground floor, where Earth's gravitational tug is stronger. "General relativity completely changed our understanding of time," says Carlo Rovelli, a theoretical physicist at the University of the Mediterranean in Marseille, France.....It is still not clear who is right, says John Norton, a philosopher based at the University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Norton is hesitant to express it, but his instinct - and the consensus in physics - seems to be that space and time exist on their own. The trouble with this idea, though, is that it doesn't sit well with relativity, which describes space-time as a malleable fabric whose geometry can be changed by the gravity of stars, planets and matter."

http://www.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/Goodies/p … index.html
John Norton, 1 Mar 2009: "A common belief among philosophers of physics is that the passage of time of ordinary experience is merely an illusion. The idea is seductive since it explains away the awkward fact that our best physical theories of space and time have yet to capture this passage. I urge that we should resist the idea. We know what illusions are like and how to detect them. Passage exhibits no sign of being an illusion....Following from the work of Einstein, Minkowski and many more, physics has given a wonderfully powerful conception of space and time. Relativity theory, in its most perspicacious form, melds space and time together to form a four-dimensional spacetime. The study of motion in space and and all other processes that unfold in them merely reduce to the study of an odd sort of geometry that prevails in spacetime. In many ways, time turns out to be just like space. In this spacetime geometry, there are differences between space and time. But a difference that somehow captures the passage of time is not to be found. There is no passage of time. There are temporal orderings. We can identify earlier and later stages of temporal processes and everything in between. What we cannot find is a passing of those stages that recapitulates the presentation of the successive moments to our consciousness, all centered on the one preferred moment of "now." At first, that seems like an extraordinary lacuna. It is, it would seem, a failure of our best physical theories of time to capture one of time's most important properties. However the longer one works with the physics, the less worrisome it becomes....I was, I confess, a happy and contented believer that passage is an illusion. It did bother me a little that we seemed to have no idea of just how the news of the moments of time gets to be rationed to consciousness in such rigid doses.....Now consider the passage of time. Is there a comparable reason in the known physics of space and time to dismiss it as an illusion? I know of none. The only stimulus is a negative one. We don't find passage in our present theories and we would like to preserve the vanity that our physical theories of time have captured all the important facts of time. So we protect our vanity by the stratagem of dismissing passage as an illusion."

Пенчо Вълев
pvalev@yahoo.com

In 1850 Clausius deduced (the prototype of) the second law of thermodynamics in this way:

http://web.lemoyne.edu/~giunta/Clausius.html
"Ueber die bewegende Kraft der Warme" 1850 Rudolf Clausius: "Carnot assumed, as has already been mentioned, that the equivalent of the work done by heat is found in the mere transfer of heat from a hotter to a colder body, while the quantity of heat remains undiminished. The latter part of this assumption--namely, that the quantity of heat remains undiminished--contradicts our former principle, and must therefore be rejected... (...) It is this maximum of work which must be compared with the heat transferred. When this is done it appears that there is in fact ground for asserting, with Carnot, that it depends only on the quantity of the heat transferred and on the temperatures t and tau of the two bodies A and B, but not on the nature of the substance by means of which the work is done. (...) If we now suppose that there are two substances of which the one can produce more work than the other by the transfer of a given amount of heat, or, what comes to the same thing, needs to transfer less heat from A to B to produce a given quantity of work, we may use these two substances alternately by producing work with one of them in the above process. At the end of the operations both bodies are in their original condition; further, the work produced will have exactly counterbalanced the work done, and therefore, by our former principle, the quantity of heat can have neither increased nor diminished. The only change will occur in the distribution of the heat, since more heat will be transferred from B to A than from A to B, and so on the whole heat will be transferred from B to A. By repeating these two processes alternately it would be possible, without any expenditure of force or any other change, to transfer as much heat as we please from a cold to a hot body, and this is not in accord with the other relations of heat, since it always shows a tendency to equalize temperature differences and therefore to pass from hotter to colder bodies."

I have always been claiming that Clausius' premises are true but the argument is INVALID. Here are the premises:

1. (TRUE) In the absence of irreversible changes in the surroundings influencing the process, heat always flows from hot to cold.

2. (TRUE) Perpetuum mobile of the first kind is impossible.

In fact, there is a third FALSE premise used by Clausius which, if explicitly added to the set of premises, makes the argument VALID:

3. (FALSE) The process Clausius considers occurs in the absence of irreversible changes in the surroundings influencing it.

In physical sciences, invalidity of arguments can be interpreted in terms of falsehood of premises.

Пенчо Вълев
pvalev@yahoo.com

Valentino wrote:

Ако една теория противоречи на друга, то от това не следва, че или едната, или другата е "грешна", а че би могло това противоречие да бъде (или вече да е) преодоляно с трета теория. И въобще - не би могло да има извънтеоретичен критерий за "вярна" теория.

Критерият е само за грешна теория в случая, и то при условие. Има една формула:

(frequency) = (speed of light)/(wavelength)

която всички приемат за вярна. Всички също така приемат че frequency е променлива (това е експериментален факт). Въпросът е кое от другите две - speed of light и wavelength - се променя заедно с frequency. В примера даден от John Norton наблюдателят се втурва към светлинния източник и Максуел и Нютон казват че speed of light се променя заедно с frequency а Айнщайн казва че wavelength се променя. Формулата не предвижда други възможности така че или Максуел и Нютон едновременно грешат или Айнщайн греши.

Пенчо Вълев
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